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Monitor National Marine Sanctuary
Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is the site of the wreck of the USS ''Monitor'', one of the most famous shipwrecks in U.S. history. It was designated as the country's first national marine sanctuary on January 30, 1975, and is one of only two of the thirteen national marine sanctuaries created to protect a cultural resource rather than a natural resource. The sanctuary comprises a column of water in diameter extending from the ocean’s surface to the seabed around the wreck of the Civil War ironclad, which lies south-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Average water depth in the sanctuary is . Since its sinking in 1862, the ''Monitor'' has become an artificial reef attracting numerous fish species, including amberjack, black seabass, oyster toadfish and great barracuda.
==USS ''Monitor''==
The ''Monitor'' was the prototype for a class of U.S. Civil War ironclad, turreted warships that significantly altered both naval technology and marine architecture in the nineteenth century. Designed by the Swedish engineer John Ericsson, the vessel contained all of the emerging innovations that revolutionized warfare at sea. The Monitor was constructed in a mere 110 days.〔http://www.npr.org/programs/re/archivesdate/1997/sanct/monitor.html〕
While the design of ''Monitor'' was well-suited for river combat, her low freeboard and heavy turret made her highly unseaworthy in rough waters. This feature probably led to the early loss of the original ''Monitor'', which floundered during a heavy storm. Swamped by high waves while under tow by ''Rhode Island'', she sank on December 30, 1862 in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Hatteras. Sixteen of 62 crewmen were lost in the storm.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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